Mechanisms of Behavior Modification in Clinical Behavioral Medicine in China

Background

Behavior modification, as the core of clinical behavioral medicine, is often used in clinical settings.

Purpose

We seek to summarize behavior modification techniques that are commonly used in clinical practice of behavioral medicine in China and discuss possible biobehavioral mechanisms.

Methods

We reviewed common behavior modification techniques in clinical settings in China, and we reviewed studies that explored possible biobehavioral mechanisms.

Results

Commonly used clinical approaches of behavior modification in China include behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive–behavioral therapy, health education, behavior management, behavioral relaxation training, stress management intervention, desensitization therapy, biofeedback therapy, and music therapy. These techniques have been applied in the clinical treatment of a variety of diseases, such as chronic diseases, psychosomatic diseases, and psychological disorders. The biobehavioral mechanisms of these techniques involve the autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine system, neurobiochemistry, and neuroplasticity.

Conclusion

Behavior modification techniques are commonly used in the treatment of a variety of somatic and psychological disorders in China. Multiple biobehavioral mechanisms are involved in successful behavior modification.     

普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者首诊胸部CT征象及动态变化分析

目的探讨普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者首诊胸部CT征象及动态变化特征。 方法收集2020年1月24日至3月8日济宁地区确诊的41例普通型COVID-19患者的胸部CT资料，基于病灶的CT形态特征、分布特点及动态变化，并结合患者肺部感染总体严重程度评分进行回顾性分析。 结果41例患者共检出病灶181个，其中纯磨玻璃影124个(68.51%)，磨玻璃并实变影51个(28.18%)，纯实变影6个(3.31%)。病灶呈类圆形103个(56.91%)、带状57个(31.49%)、楔形21个(11.60%)。47个(25.97%)病灶呈铺路石征，46个(25.41%)见充气支气管征，68个(37.57%)见血管增粗。41例患者中，累及单侧肺12例(29.27%)、双侧肺29例(70.73%)，累及1，2，3，4，5个肺叶的患者分别为10例(24.39%)、7例(17.07%)、8例(19.51%)、7例(17.07%)、9例(21.95%)。181个病灶分布于左肺上叶、左肺下叶、右肺上叶、右肺中叶、右肺下叶分别为31个(17.13%)、43个(23.76%)、26个(14.36%)、25个(13.81%)、56个(30.94%)。CT动态观察，在病程第11～15 d与第2～5 d和第6～10 d比较，病灶总数量减少(分别为143，178，165个)，纯磨玻璃密度影数量[56个(39.61%)，101个(56.74%)，68个(41.21%)]呈下降趋势，磨玻璃密度影合并实变影数量[81个(56.64%)，68个(38.20%)，89个(53.94%)]逐渐增高，均差异有统计学意义(χ²＝12.46，13.26；均P<0.01)。患者首次及随后3次复查CT的肺部感染总体严重程度评分分别为[4.00(2.50，7.00)分，4.00(2.00，7.50)分，3.00(2.00，7.00)分，2.00(1.00，4.00)分]，其中在病程第6～10 d与第11～15 d内复查的评分差值[2.00(1.00，2.50)分]大于首次CT与病程第2～5 d复查的评分差值[1.00(0.00，1.00)分]，并大于第2～5 d与第6～10 d复查的评分差值[1.00(0.00，1.00)分]，差异具有统计学意义(H＝21.16，P<0.01)。 结论COVID-19患者胸部CT表现具有一定的特征性，有助于临床的早期诊断和动态评估。     

医学生职业性别刻板印象研究

目的探析医学本科生及研究生的内隐职业性别刻板印象及其之间的关系。方法采用分层随机方法选取新乡医学院医学本科生及研究生共160名为被试,使用内隐联想测验测量其职业性别刻板印象程度,以反应时作为其测量指标。结果 1相容任务组合和不相容任务组合反应时差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2不同性别、不同生源地被试的内隐职业性别刻板印象差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3医学研究生和本科生的内隐职业性别刻板印象差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论医学生存在内隐职业性别刻板印象,性别刻板印象随受教育程度而变化。     

冠状动脉慢血流与血清脂联素和高敏C反应蛋白水平的进展相关性研究

冠状动脉慢血流是指冠状动脉造影没有发现心外膜主要冠状动脉存在明显病变,而远端血管造影剂充盈延迟的一种现象。脂联素是由脂肪细胞特异性分泌的血浆蛋白质类激素,通过抗炎、抗动脉粥样硬化等,有保护血管内皮的作用。高敏C反应蛋白作为一种炎性标志物已被确认是动脉粥样硬化的敏感指标。现将冠状动脉慢血流与血清脂联素、高敏C反应蛋白之间的相关性进行综述。     

Features associated with hematologic abnormalities and their impact in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from a multiethnic Latin American cohort

ObjectiveTo examine hematological manifestations’ correlates and their impact on damage accrual and mortality in SLE patients from the multiethnic, Latin American, GLADEL cohort.MethodsIn patients with recent SLE diagnosis (≤2 years), the association between follow-up hematological manifestations (per ACR criteria) and socio-demographic and clinical variables was examined by univariable and multivariable logistic regressions; their impact on damage accrual and mortality was examined by Poisson and Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses, respectively.ResultsOf 1437 patients, 948 (66.0%) developed ≥1 hematological manifestation [5.5% hemolytic anemia (AHA), 16.3% thrombocytopenia, and 56.4% lymphopenia] over 4.3 (3.3) follow-up years. Younger age, Mestizo ethnicity, hematologic disorder (at/or before SLE diagnosis), and first damage recorded were associated with hematological manifestations while antimalarials were negatively associated. AHA (at/or before SLE diagnosis), anti-Sm, and anti-RNP antibodies were associated with subsequent AHA occurrence while musculoskeletal involvement was negatively associated. Thrombocytopenia (at/or before SLE diagnosis), AHA, anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs), anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La antibodies, and first damage recorded were associated with later thrombocytopenia occurrence. Lymphopenia (at/or before SLE diagnosis), younger age at diagnosis, Mestizo ethnicity, having medical insurance, and first damage recorded were associated with subsequent lymphopenia occurrence while antimalarials and azathioprine treatment were negatively associated. AHA was associated with damage accrual and mortality after adjusting for variables known to affect these outcomes.ConclusionsMestizo ethnicity and early hematological manifestations are risk factors for their subsequent occurrence while antimalarials have a protective effect. The associations between AHA and aPLs and thrombocytopenia were corroborated. AHA contributes independently to damage accrual and diminished survival.